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3D Glasses: What Kinds are there?
There are four main types of 3D in use today. Stereoscopic, Pulfrich, Chromadepth, and TV Eyes 3D. Each uses a different aspect of sight, and a different type of glasses, to create 3D images.
Stereoscopic 3D, also known as binocular 3D, is the type most people think of when they think 3D. Stereoscopic 3D is created by filming a scene from two angles and combining the views into a single three dimensional picture. It is this kind of 3D that is used by movie theaters and 3DTVs. Stereoscopic 3D glasses are designed so that only one angle of the image is available to each eye, this is accomplished with different colored lenses, like the red/blue (also called anaglyph) glasses, by polarized glasses, such as those used in Real D theaters, and by shutter glasses such as those used in some 3D theaters and 3DTVs. The limitation of this type of 3D is that the movie itself must be presented in 3D format, having a separate image for each eye. This can be accomplished by filming the movie in 3D, or buy electronically converting it into 3D format. The benefit is that this type of 3D gives a very three dimensional image, complete with “jump out” effects.
Pulfrich 3D is a form of pseudo-stereopsis which uses a time delay between eyes to cause each eye to see a slightly different image as the video plays across the screen. Pulfrich 3D glasses have one clear lens and one dark lens. The image seen through the dark lens arrives in the brain a fraction later than the image from the clear lens, causing a form of stereoscopic vision. The advantage of this type of 3D is that it can be filmed with regular cameras without needing to create a secondary image in the movie itself. The disadvantage is that in order for the 3D effect to work — motion in the scenes must progress in the same direction at all times. Still images or motion in other directions do not create a 3D effect.
ChromaDepth is a type of 3D that relies upon the different wavelengths of different colors. Red having a longer wavelength and blue shorter, making blue seem farther away than red, green farther away than orange and so forth. By using prisms to enhance this effect, the different colors are interpreted by the mind as being at different distances, according to the visual wavelength of that color. The advantage is that three dimensional images and text can be created simply by combining opposite colors. The disadvantage is having a prism over each eye and that images must be specially created to incorporate the proper color combinations.
TV Eyes 3D is a type of 3D that uses “depth of field,” a focusing effect created by a camera aperture. A camera aperture, the small hole beyond the lens of a camera, determines the range of distance at which objects are in focus. This can be seen as the effect that one object will be in sharp focus while others in front or behind it are blurry. Altering the focus of these “depth of field” cues through another aperture, and offsetting the angle, causes the mind to interpret the variations of sharpness and blur as different distances, making the picture look three dimensional. The limitation of this type of 3D is that the glasses have a line of small holes to look through. And that the position of the holes must be adjusted for each individual wearers eyes. The advantage that it can create 3D from normal 2D videos.
All 3D glasses, no matter what type, have their disadvantages — the different colors of anaglyph red/blue glasses, the dark and light lenses of Pulfrich, the prisms of ChromaDepth, the holes of TV Eyes 3D glasses, or the electronics and shuttering action of shutter glasses, must all be adapted to in order to enjoy 3D movies.
About the Author
Becky Gauger is a published author and patent holder in the field of 3D glasses.
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